The reason for this is to ensure a constant unidirectional flow of electrons from the positive charged cathode to negatively charged anode. The generator also needs to convert the mains supplied alternating current (AC), into direct current (DC), as needed by the x-ray tube. The energy used for this process is provided from a generator, connected by an electrical circuit connected to the x-ray tube. Unlike conventional x-ray tubes, in rotating envelope tubes, not only the anode, but the entire vacuum tube rotates, furthermore, the anode is in direct contact with the liquid coolant, resulting in improved heat conduction and increased performance 4. For some demanding application, such as dual energy CT, rotating envelope tubes (RET) are used. The envelope is most often made from glass, although some tubes contain envelopes formed from ceramic or even metal. The filament/cathode and target/anode are contained in the envelope, which provides vacuum, support and electrical insulation. tube window: usually made from beryllium, not glass.expansion bellows (provide space for oil to expand).target (also acts as anode): electrons strike to produce x-rays.
filament (also acts as cathode): boils off electrons by thermionic emission.The x-ray tube contains two principal elements:
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